Driving cycle is used to assess fuel consumption, pollutant emissions and performance of the vehicle. The aim of this paper is to extract the driving cycle for Refuse collection truck and estimate its braking energy. For this purpose, after selecting the target truck and geographic area, the equipment needed to measure the required variables were prepared and mounted on the truck. Then, the actual data were collected from the performance of the target truck while performing its mission. Since the amount of braking energy depends on the speed, truck mass and road grade, the speed of the vehicle is measured simultaneously with the truck mass and road grade. The collected data are then processed and subdivided into micro-trips. The micro-trips are clustered according to the number of state spaces using the K-Means algorithm. Next, the representative micro trips are selected from within the clusters and the final driving cycle is generated. The representative driving cycle shows that the truck speed is zero at 47% of the working time. Finally, the amount of braking power and accumulative braking energy in the driving cycle is calculated.

Background: Anti-vaccination is spreading among parents. In 2017, 23000 families in Turkey Refused vaccinations for their children. Meanwhile an increase in infectious diseases was observed, which might be caused by vaccination rejection. The reasons why families do not vaccinate their children may be very different, such as side effects, or advocation for “healthy life” by gurus. However, the real reasons for vaccine refusal are unknown. Our aim is to determine the reasons for anti-vaccination in Turkey. Methods: In order to reveal the real reasons for not taking the vaccine, we planned to conduct interviews with the representatives of the vaccine rejection group using qualitative research methodology with the “grounded theory” method. We searched some anti-vaccination blogs to find candidates for interviews. Within the scope of our study, parental concerns about vaccinations were classified by analyzing the data obtained from semi-structured questions and interviews recorded with voice recorders in face-to-face interviews with 21 parents in 13 cities of Turkey. Results: The obtained findings were classified under the headings of ‘’mistrust’’, ‘’vaccine efficacy-importance’’, ‘’decision-making processes - bases’’, and ‘’law-ethics’’. Mistrust was the main theme, almost singularly, as the most important reason for vaccine rejection. The salient reasons for mistrusts were: Companies which produce vaccines especially international companies because of conspiratory beliefs; health authorities, because of the belief about non-transparency in epidemiologic data, immunization council etc. and healthcare professionals, because of their non-communicative and non-concerned attitude. Conclusion: Mistrust is hard to overcome. The beliefs of the patients cannot be easily changed. As a result of our study, we made some recommendations for health authorities, healthcare professionals, companies and other related stakeholders.

The joining of consumers to online brand community provides the brand managers with potential opportunities offered upon extensive interactions and establishing strong emotional relations between the firms and customers. A review of the studies performed so far show that the research on the importance of the joining of consumers to Online Brand Community, as a first step toward having them engaged with the brand, is by far inadequate. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to fill in this research the gap and identify the factors hindering the virtual relationship between the firms and their customers. The required data was collected via a qualitative approach based on thematic analysis, purposive sampling, and interviews with 12 consumers of three internet service providers (Shatel, HiWeb, and Sabanet). The data was then, coded and analyzed, and the network of the extracted themes was developed. The main themes identified in this research included negative consumer’ s attitude toward the social networks, the product type, preference of the company’ s interests over the customer’ s interests, lack of the customer’ s awareness of the presence of the company on social networks, less than enough involvement of the consumer with the product, the consumer’ s dissatisfaction with the brand, provision of alternative services, inappropriate image of the Online Brand Community, devaluation of the other members’ information, and failure to offer attractive financial incentives.